Khám phá Orbital và Phân tử (3D)
Công cụ tự học tương tác về Orbital và Phân tử trong không gian
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Orbital Nguyên tử (AO)
Xoay các mô hình minh họa 3D đơn giản của các orbital nguyên tử phổ biến để xây dựng tư duy không gian trước khi chuyển sang phần lai hóa và hình thành liên kết.
Hybrid Orbitals
Interactive visualization of hybrid orbitals formed by linear combinations of atomic orbitals.
Molecule Viewer
Explore common molecular shapes in 3D, including multiple-bond systems and benzene.
The s orbital is spherical and has no angular nodes.
A p orbital has two lobes separated by a nodal plane passing through the nucleus.
A representative d orbital is shown as a four-lobed cloverleaf shape.
Two sp orbitals pointing in opposite directions (180°).
Three sp² orbitals lying in a plane at 120° to each other.
Four sp³ orbitals pointing toward the corners of a tetrahedron (109.5°).
Four dsp² orbitals arranged in a square planar geometry (90°).
Five sp³d orbitals arranged in trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
Six sp³d² orbitals arranged in octahedral geometry.
Coordination Complexes
Explore common coordination geometries in 3D using simplified donor-atom skeletons.
Tetrahedral complexes have coordination number 4 with ligand directions pointing toward the corners of a tetrahedron.
Square planar complexes have coordination number 4 with all donor atoms in one plane, typically at 90°.
Octahedral complexes have coordination number 6 with ligand directions along ±x, ±y, and ±z.
Coordination complexes can show cis and trans isomerism depending on ligand arrangement.
Octahedral complexes may show fac / mer geometric isomerism and Λ / Δ optical isomerism.
Octahedral complexes may show linkage isomerism .